{"id":397,"date":"2010-04-14T00:25:44","date_gmt":"2010-04-13T16:25:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/115.29.108.60\/?p=397"},"modified":"2010-09-27T20:52:24","modified_gmt":"2010-09-27T12:52:24","slug":"c-primer-chapter1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/115.29.108.60\/?p=397","title":{"rendered":"C++ Primer Chapter1"},"content":{"rendered":"

1\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528main\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\uff08\u5d4c\u5165\u542f\u52a8\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cC\/C++\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e93\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528main\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1aC\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e93<\/a>\uff09\uff0cmain\u51fd\u6570\u5219\u6267\u884c\u7ec4\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7main\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u8fd4\u56de0\u503c\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08A\uff09\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08B\uff09\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8fA\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e8fB\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1amain\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f5c\u7528<\/a><\/p>\n

main\u51fd\u6570\u662f\uff08\u552f\u4e00\uff09\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a4\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u8868\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

main\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662fint\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1aC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4bmain\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/a><\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cmain\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u793a\u5668\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c0\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u793amain\u51fd\u6570\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u96f6\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u90fd\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u96f6\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8868\u660e\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u544a\u8bc9\u7528\u6237main\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\u95eemain\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u8bbaUNIX\u8fd8\u662fWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5f53\u7684echo\u547d\u4ee4\u3002UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n

$ echo $?<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u952e\u5165<\/p>\n

C:\\directory> echo %ERRORLEVEL%\uff08\u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8fmain\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff09<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u8c03\u7528GNU\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\u662fg++:<\/p>\n

$ g++ prog1.cc -o prog1<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684$\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aprog1\u6216prog1.exe\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7f00\uff1b-o prog1\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565-o prog1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u540d\u4e3aa.out\u800c\u5728Windows\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u540d\u4e3aa.exe\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u8f6f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u91c7\u7528\u547d\u4ee4cl\uff08compile-link \u7f16\u8bd1-\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u6765\u8c03\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n

C:\\directory> cl -GX prog1.cpp<\/p>\n

cl\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c-GX\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u6d41\u662f\u6307\u8981\u4ece\u67d0\u79cdIO\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u8bfb\u5165\u6216\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u6d41\u201d\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u6216\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u3002\uff08\u6d41\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e864\u4e2aIO\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1aistream\u7684cin\u3001ostream\u7684cout\u3001cerr\u3001clog\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ececin\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u8bfb\u5165\uff0c\u5f53\u5199\u5230cout\u3001cerr\u6216clog\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u7a97\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

7\u3001\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08<<\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

endl\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u64cd\u7eb5\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u5199\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u6362\u884c\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5237\u65b0\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5237\u65b0\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

8\u3001\u5728\u5199C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u683c\u7b26\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u7b26\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u7b26\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6307\u793a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

9\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u56fe\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521d\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bfb\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u91cd\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

10\u3001\u5f53\u6ce8\u91ca\u8de8\u591a\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u6307\u660e\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u662f\u5728\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee5\u661f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6307\u660e\u6574\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/\/
\n\/\/
\n\/\/
\n\/*
\n\u00a0*
\n\u00a0*\/<\/p>\n

\u592a\u591a\u6ce8\u91ca\u6df7\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u597d\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca\u5757\u653e\u5728\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e0a\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5728\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u524d\u9762\u63d2\u5165\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

11\u3001for(int val = 1; val <= 10; ++val)\u9000\u51fafor\u5faa\u73af\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cfval\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u7ec8\u6b62\u540e\u4f7f\u7528val\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u3001while(std::cin >> value)\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528istream\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d41\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff09\u90a3\u4e48\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\u3002\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u6570\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219istream\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u6548\u72b6\u6001\u7684istream\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6761\u4ef6\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

13\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u3002Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u5165control-z\uff0c\u6765\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u3002Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ecMac OS-X\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528control-d\u3002<\/p>\n

14\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7<>\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u53cc\u62ec\u53f7””\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

15\u3001\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53d6\u5f97\u53f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3002\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4ec5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u5de6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u53f3\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6210\u5458\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

16\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a \u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u3002IO\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u5237\u65b0\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bfbcin\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0cout\uff1b\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0ccout\u4e5f\u88ab\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

cerr \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u51facerr\u4e0d\u5e26\u7f13\u51b2\u3002<\/p>\n

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